- Image guided Liver Biopsy.
- Transjugular Liver Biopsy.
- Percutanous transhepatic cholangiography & drainage.
- Percutanous transhepatic CBD stenting.
- Post-operative cystic duct interventions.
- RFA.
- Trans-arterial Chemo-embolization for hepatic tumor/ Mets.
- Intra-arterial chemotherapy for liver tumor.
- Trans-arterial I-131 for hepatic tumors.
- Portal vein embolization.
- Arterio-portogram.
- TIPS–Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt.
- Embolization for aneurysm/psudo-aneurysm related to liver & spleen
- GI-bleed.
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| Image guided Liver Biopsy – FNAC |
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Liver mass suspected of being malignant
Hepatitis C
progressive diffuse liver disease
Liver transplant protocol
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relative contraindications include suspected hemangioma and ascities
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| Pre procedure things to check |
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Nil by mouth 4-6 hrs prior to procedure, Bleeding history, INR, Platelets and stop aspirin for a week.
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| Transjugular liver biopsy |
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• Liver biopsy in patients C/I or high risk for percutaneous biopsy due to coagulopathy or thrombocytopinea or massive ascites.
• Pre-op evaluation of liver transplant candidates.
• Diffuse liver disease.
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Biliary Drainage (percutaneous biliary drainage)
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• Malignant biliary obstruction with unsuccessful attempt at ERCP
• Previous intestinal surgery which precludes ERCP
• Benign biliary obstruction with unsuccessful attempt at ERCP
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| Percutaneous access to biliary system can be used for : |
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• Placement of drainage catheter.
• Metal stent
• Stone removal
• Radiation Brachytherapy.
• Endoluminal biopsy.
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| Two types of biliary drain
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| A. External Biliary Drain (E-BD) |
• Electrolytes are lost in bile that is drained, and need to
be replaced orally or intravenously (lacated Ringer’s intravenous
fluid)
• External drainage is not a first choice of drainage because
extra work, discomfort for patient associated with daily catheter
care and loss of bile salts.
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| B. Internal -External Biliary Drain (IE-BD) |
• Internal component drain proximal and distal to site of obstruction and a locking loop for securing catheter in duodenum.
• External component maintains percutaneous access to biliary system which facilitates performance of subsequent procedures.
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| Common Problemes & Complications |
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Pain
• Skin site infection if long standing
• Bleeding or hemobilia |
Marked stenosis of lower CBD |
Balloon dilatation stenosis of CBD
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ERCP stent blocled, later B/L External-
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Internal biliary drainage was performed.
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High Grade Hilar Stricture Secondary To Klatskin Tumour
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Coiling of psuedoaneurysm |
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TIPS(Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt)
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Cirrhotic patients who survive an episode of bleeding from esophageal varices have an extremely high risk of rebleeding.
For this reason, pharmacological therapy and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy are the most widely used treatments.
Both treatments are not fully satisfactory, as the average rebleeding rate with each therapy is about 48%.
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An acute variceal hemorrhage uncontrolled by medical and endoscopic treatment.
Preventing rebleeding in patients in whom sclerotherapy failed.
Refractory ascites.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome.
Patients who bleed while awaiting liver transplantation.
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Fig A. Portal Hypertension before the TIPS procedure is performed |

Fig B. After the TIPS procedure is performed |
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TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt)
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